The magnetostrictive effect refers to the phenomenon where magnetic materials undergo microscopic deformation under the influence of a magnetic field. This effect is widely present in transformer cores. Although the deformation is usually minimal, its cumulative impact can significantly affect the performance of transformers. With the increasing demand for power equipment, studying the influence of the magnetostrictive effect on core performance is crucial for improving the efficiency and stability of transformers.

The magnetostrictive effect arises from the realignment of magnetic domains within a magnetic material under an external magnetic field, leading to changes in the material's dimensions or volume. In transformer cores, silicon steel is a typical magnetic material, and its magnetostrictive effect is influenced by material composition, grain orientation, and the intensity of the magnetic field. Although silicon steel has a low magnetostrictive coefficient, the alternating magnetic field in transformer cores can lead to continuous magnetostrictive deformation, resulting in performance issues.

The magnetostrictive effect induces vibration and noise in transformer cores. These vibrations stem from periodic deformations caused by changes in the magnetic field. When the magnetostrictive effect is significant, the resulting core vibrations not only increase noise pollution but can also cause mechanical stress, leading to fatigue damage in the core or loosening of fasteners, thereby shortening the transformer’s service life. Reducing the magnetostrictive effect is therefore essential to improving the mechanical performance of transformer cores.

The magnetostrictive effect indirectly influences the electrical performance of transformer cores. Core deformation alters the distribution of magnetic flux, potentially increasing eddy current and hysteresis losses. Furthermore, the coupling between the magnetostrictive effect and localized magnetic saturation can reduce the efficiency of core magnetization, thereby decreasing the energy conversion efficiency of transformers. Optimizing the composition of silicon steel and adopting highly oriented grain structures can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of magnetostriction on electrical performance.

The magnetostrictive effect significantly impacts both the mechanical and electrical performance of transformer cores. By selecting materials with low magnetostrictive coefficients, optimizing core design, and improving manufacturing processes, its negative effects can be significantly reduced. In the future, with the application of high-performance materials and advanced magnetic technologies, further minimizing the impact of the magnetostrictive effect will provide a more reliable foundation for the efficient and low-noise operation of transformers.